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Mediating process | Health outcomes | |
Direct | ||
Exposure to thermal extremes | ![]() |
Altered rates of heat - and cold-related illness and death |
Altered frequency and/or intensity of other extreme | ![]() |
Deaths, injuries, psychological disorders; damage to public health infrastructure |
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Temperature and weather changes |
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Indirect | ||
Disturbance of ecological system | ||
Effects on range and activity of vectors and infectious parasites | ![]() |
Changes in geographic ranges incidence of vector-borne diseases |
Altered local ecology of waterborne and foodborne infectious agents | ![]() |
Changed incidence of diarrhoeal and other infectious diseases |
Altered food (especially crop) productivity, due to changes in climate, weather events, and associated pests and diseases | ![]() |
Malnutrition and hunger, and consequent impairment of child growth and development |
Sea level rise, with population displacement and damage to infrastructure
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Increased risk of infectious disease, psychological disorders |
Levels and biological impacts of air pollution, including pollens and spores | ![]() |
Asthma and allergic disorders; other acute and chronic respiratory disorders and deaths |
Social, economic and demographic dislocations due to effects
on economy, infrastructure and resource supply
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Wide range of public health consequences; mental health and nutritional impairment, infectious diseases, civil strife |
Stratospheric ozone depletion | Skin cancers, cataracts and perhaps immune suppression; indirect impacts via impaired productivity and agricultural and acquatic systems |
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