New tools such as confidence levels, clinical significance curves, and risk-benefit contours have been postulated as potentially improving result reporting (Ref 1, 16-19).

These tools, which are based on confidence intervals, can help prevent result misinterpretation, answer the questions we have of the data, and improve decision-making based on study results.

1. T.P. Shakespeare, V.J. Gebski, M.J. Veness, J. Simes, Improving interpretation of clinical studies by use of confidence levels, clinical significance curves, and risk-benefit contours, Lancet 357 (2001) 1349–53.

16. P. Landais, J-P. Daures, Clinical trials, immunosuppression and renal transplantation: new trends in design and analysis, Pediatr. Nephrol. 17 (2002) 573-584.

17. G. Bouvenot, P. Villani, P. Ambrosi, Critical review of the publication of a clinical trial, Presse. Med. 31 (2002) 1061-1068.

18. G. Bouvenot. How to minimize the therapeutic risk, Rev. Med. Interne. 22 (2001) 1237-1243.