These are quotes that Rustin & Cook cite in their article on incorporating family into therapy. Illustrating how the emotional component could perhaps enter into the equation that captures one's stuttering, and potentially complicate treatment.

Emotional element can become a significant or the most signicant component of the disorder for some people (Sheehan)

A variety of cognitive based therapies have been reported in the past decade, trying to help person who stutter re-evaluatate or assess the negative attitudes about speaking and themselves.