A. Health Education: programs to increase public awareness, promoting change in behaviors or attitudes (e.g., danger of alcohol and drug use during pregnancy).

B. Genetic Counseling: education of those individuals at risk for genetic disorders.

C. Environmental Change: alteration of the environment to decrease the risk of occurrence (e.g., decreasing noise exposure).

D. Vocal Hygiene: programs targeting prevention of voice disorders (e.g. activities designed to prevent vocal abuse and nodules or stop the use of smoking and smokeless tobacco products).

E. Hearing Conservation: programs related to the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss (e.g. promoting the use of work-site hearing protection and instituting school- and community-based hearing conservation programs).

F. Immunization: shots that provide antigens to resist various diseases (e.g. Rubella).

G. Prenatal Care: provision of prenatal care to significantly decrease the incidence of birth defects and complications due to problems during pregnancy.

H. Primary Prevention of Secondary Communication Disorders: prevention of a secondary communication disorder due to an existing primary disability (e.g. prevention of speech-language disorder in a low birth weight baby).