![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
front |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |11 |12 |13 |14 |15 |16 |17 |18 |19 |20 |21 |22 |23 |24 |25 |26 |27 |28 |29 |30 |31 |32 |review |
|
Developmental arrest and regression as a consequence of epilepsy are common in
malignant syndromes of epilepsy . Infantile spasms: usually begins between the ages of 4 and 8 mo and are characterized by brief symmetric contractions of the neck , trunk , and extremities. A grossly disorganised epileptic electroencephalogram ( hypsarrthmia ) is characteristic but not always seen .Infantile spasms are typically classified into two groups :cryptogenic (10-20% ) and symptomatic.Infants with cryptogenic spasms have an uneventful pregnancy and birth history as well as normal developmental milestones and the prognosis is good .Infants with symptomatic spasms have an 80 -90 % risk of mental retardation . Severe myoclonic epilepsy of childhood: begins at 4 - 10 months , often with a prolonged partial clonic seizure. Later attacks include multiple seizure types and apnoeic attacks. With the onset of multiple types of seizure, developmental regression , often severe, occurs . Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: multiple seizures occur in the first 8 years of life. 50% of the children affected have primary developmental delay, and 100% have learning problems after 5 or more years of the condition . Landau - Kleffner syndrome: partial or generalized seizures begin and language comprehension and speech are lost after two or more years of normal development . |