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D-R dose-response, pc prostate cancer. The Iowa cohort (Cerhan et al 1997 Cancer Causes Control 8: 229-38) and the Swedish cohort of construction workers (Adami et al 1996 Int J Cancer 67: 764-8) found a significant positive dose-response relation between current smoking and risk of incident prostate cancer. The US veterans cohort (Hsing et al 1991 Am J Epidemiol 133: 437-41) found a significant positive trend between current smoking and fatal prostate cancer while the Health Professionals cohort found a significant dose-response relation between smoking in the previous 10 years and risk of metastatic and fatal prostate cancer (Giovannucci et al 1999).