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As a lifestyle factor diet has been shown to play a significant role in the causation of cancer worldwide. But little is known as yet about how it plays its role as a carcinogen. This is currently a very active area of cancer research. There are several studies which show that excessive fat in the diet raises the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, and possibly other cancers as well, such as prostate cancer. Methods of food preparation and preservation can also create risks. There are studies showing that nitrites are associated with stomach cancer. Other studies are showing that certain broad classes of foods may contain protective substances against cancer. These include certain vegetables (the cruciferous group), whole grain products (fiber) and citrus fruits.