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The life cycle
Eggs are passed in the stool, and under favorable conditions of moisture,
warmth and shade), larvas hatch in 1-2 days. The released rhabditiform larva grow in the
feces and the soil, and after 5-10 days and 2 molts, they become become infective
third-stage filariform larvas. These infective larvas can survive 3-4 weeks. On contact
with the human host, the larvas penetrate the skin and are carried through the veins to
the heart and then to the lungs. They penetrate into the pulmonary alveoli, ascend the
bronchial tree to the pharynx and are swallowed. The larvas reach the small intestine,
where they mature into adults. Adult worms live in the lumen of the small intestine, where
they attach to the intestinal wall with resultant blood loss by the host. Most adult worms
are eliminated in 1 to 2 years, but longevity records can reach several years. Some A.
duodenale larvas can become dormant in the intestine or muscle. |