Animal models and in vitro assays suggest that herbicides and fungicides can contribute to female infertility by:

Interfering with hormone signaling
Disrupting cleavage and implantation of the embryo
Altering chromosome integrity of the conceptus or female gametes

Recent evidence suggests that aging is associated with declines in:

Semen volume
Sperm motility
Sperm morphology
NOT sperm concentration
Egg quality

Controlling for day-specific probability of pregnancy:

Male decline begins in their late 30s
Female decline begins in their late 20s
Private well vs Municipal water

Groundwater in Central WI is threatened by land application of agrochemicals, manure spreading and faulty septic systems. However, households supplied with central WI ground water were found to be at less risk for infertility when compared with households using municipal sources. It is possible that disinfection by products (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids) may be contributing to adverse reproductive outcomes.

Milk was of interest because of the report by Cramer et all suggesting that consuming milk into adulthood may contribute to the age-related decline in female fertility, the premise being dietary galactose may have deleterious effects on ovarian function. Our finding suggest drinking 3 or more glasses of mild per day was positively correlated with female fertility. The benefits may be related to the presence of conjugated linoleic acids, microcomponents of ruminant fat. CLA may have beneficial effects on reproduction, cancer, heart disease, immunity and growth.