For CHD mortality, the substitution of total protein (protein from all sources combined) for the same amount of energy from total carbohydrate was not statistically significant in multivariable adjusted models;
the substitution of animal protein (protein from meat, poultry, dairy, fish and eggs) for the same amount of energy from total carbohydrate was also not statistically significantly associated with CHD mortality.

However, a 30% decreased risk was observed in the multivariable-adjusted analyses (95% CI, 0.49-0.99; P for trend, 0.02) among women in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of vegetable protein intake (representing a difference of 2.4% of total energy) when substituted in place of the same % of total energy from carbohydrate.