.                                                      REFERENCES

1.Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War. Translated by Rex Warner. Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics, 1954; Book 2, Chapter 5, pp 123-129

2.For a good introduction, see for example McNeill W: Plagues and Peoples. New York: Doubleday, 1976

3. Zinsser H, in Rats, Lice and History (Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1935) gave a sparkling account of the influence of typhus on the outcome of wars. Diamond J, in Guns, Germs and Steel (New York: Norton, 1997) strains credibility with a grand theory based on flimsy factual foundations

4.Snow J: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. London: Churchill, 1855

5.Rosenau (1913) credits Murchison (1858) with first use of this term. See Rosenau M: Preventive Medicine and Hygiene. New York: Appleton, 1913; p. 684

6.Edwin Chadwick’s monumental work, The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (London: Clowes, 1842) had considerable influence on the public as well as on Parliament. It was reinforced by the eloquent journalism of Charles Kingsley and Henry Mayhew and by the novels of Charles Dickens.

7.Holmes OW: The contagiousness of puerperal fever. N Engl Quart J Med Surg, 1842-3, 1:503-540