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Two approaches in Europe -

(1) vaccination of domestic animals with inactivated or live attenuated vaccines;

(2)
a. control of the wildlife reservoir: population density of reservoir species reduced by gassing & shooting. It has been estimated that if the fox population was <1/4 sq.km. then virus does not spread.

b.Vaccination of wildlife. Has been effective in reducing the prevalence of rabies but as a consequence the fox population is increasing! Vaccines are either attenuated virus or a recombinant vaccinia vaccine. Fed in bait. A successful strategy in Europe.