Sputum microscopy continues to be the primary tool for detection of infectious cases. Apart from sputum microscopy, RNTCP also uses standardized diagnostic algorithms to diagnose and treat all forms of TB wherein X-ray plays a supporting role. However in line with the stop TB strategy the program is exploring all possible avenues with newer and innovative technologies for early detection of TB including use of LED fluorescent microscopes, liquid culture and line probe assay for diagnosis drug resistant TB etc.

Sufficient anti-TB drugs in patient wise boxes are made available at all the appropriate levels (Peripheral Health Institution/TB unit/District/State/National). The uninterrupted supply of drugs to teach patient is made possible through the “patient wise box.” Patient-wise drug boxes (both adult and pediatric) are an innovation of RNTCP wherein a box of medications for the entire duration of the treatment is earmarked for every patient registered.

Directly observed treatment (DOT) is one of the key elements of the DOTS strategy. In DOT, an observer (health worker or trained community volunteer who is not a family member) watches and supports the patient in taking drugs. The DOT provider ensures that the patient takes the right drugs, in the right doses, at the right intervals, for the right duration.

RNTCP has a systematic monitoring mechanism which accounts for/tracks the outcome of every patient put-on treatment. There is a standardized recording and reporting structure in place. The cure rate and other key

indicators are monitored regularly at every level of the health system and regular supervision ensures quality of the program. RNTCP shifts the responsibility for cure from the patient to the health system.