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Given the complexities of evaluating screening tests it is important to have some principles to follow when considering population-based screening tests. When we say population-based we mean that a test will be offered to everyone in a defined population as opposed to selective testing in people with symptoms or signs of disease. Wilson and Jungner proposed a set of screening criteria, in four broad groups in a report to the World Health Organization thirty years ago. These criteria remain relevant today. We will discuss each set in turn.