For example, Schwartz et al. (1998) demonstrated that hitting the hip or thigh in a fall resulted in significant risk of hip fracture (OR 48.6; 95% 22.5-105) in 214 hip fracture cases and 86 controls who had fallen, aged over 45 years. After adjusted for age, state of residence and others, risk of hip fracture tremendously increased. However, hitting the knee in a fall, or falling forward were related to reduced risk of hip fractures.