Malthus is a giant in intellectual history. For example, his thinking strongly influenced Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in formulating their respective theories of natural selection. Immensely popular and provocative, the Essay appeared in multiple editions, with the last one being published posthumously.

Reference:

Thomas R. Malthus. An Essay on the Principle of Population. Text, Sources and Background, Criticism. Editor,Philip Appleman. New York: W.W. Norton, 1976.