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Doug
McAdam identifies six strategic hurdles that movements must be able to
surmount if they are to achieve change: "(1) attract new recruits, (2)
sustain the morale and commitment of current adherents, (3) generate media
coverage, (4) mobilize the support of 'bystander publics', (5) constrain the
social control options of its opponents, and (6) ultimately shape public
policy and state action." (3) In our opinion, issues advocates are often
focused primarily upon goals 2 and 3, ignoring the importance of 1, 4 and 5
to the achievement of the primary goal of 6
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