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Risk assessment * can be divided into four components: 1) Hazard identification: determination of whether a particular chemical is or is not causally related to a specific health effect 2) Dose-Response Assessment: determination of the relationship between the magnitude of exposure and the likelihood of occurrence of a specific adverse health outcome 3) Exposure Assessment: determination of the extent of exposure before or after the application of regulatory controls 4) Risk Characterization: description of the nature and magnitude of risk including estimates of their uncertainty * National Research Council. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1983