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LITERATURE CITED

1. Acar, J. and F. Goldstein. 1997. Trends in bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24: S67-S73.

2. Ambrose, P., A. Zoe-Powers, R. Russo, D. Jones, and R. Owens. 2002. Utilizing pharmacodynamics and pharmacoeconomics in clinical and formulary decision making. In Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics in theory and clinical practice, Ed C. Nightingale, T. Murakawa, and P. Ambrose. New York: Marcel Dekker, 385-409.

3. Chen, C.-R., M. Malik, M. Snyder, and K. Drlica. 1996. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV on the bacterial chromosome: quinolone-induced DNA cleavage. J. Mol. Biol. 258: 627-637.

4. Consortium, T. T. T. 2002. Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulumonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a randomised clinical trial. The Lancet 360: 528-534.

5. Craig, W. A. and D. R. Andes. “Correlation of the magnitude of the AUC24/MIC for 6 fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) ith survival and bactericidal activity in an animal model.” In 40th ICAAC in, 2000.

6. Dalhoff, A. 2001. Comparative in vitro and in vivo activity of the C-8 methoxy quinolone moxifloxacin and the C-8 chlorine quinolone Bay y 3118. Clin. Inf. Dis. 32 (Suppl 1): S16-S22.

7. Davies, T. A., A. Evangelista, S. Pfleger, K. Bush, D. F. Sahm, and R. Goldschmidt. 2002. Prevalence of single mutations in topoisomerase type II genes among levofloxacin-susceptible clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the United States in 1992 to 1996 and 1999 to 2000. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 46: 119-24.

8. Dong, Y., C. Xu, X. Zhao, J. Domagala, and K. Drlica. 1998. Fluoroquinolone action against mycobacteria: effects of C8 substituents on bacterial growth, survival, and resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42: 2978-2984.

9. Dong, Y., X. Zhao, J. Domagala, and K. Drlica. 1999. Effect of fluoroquinolone concentration on selection of resistant mutants of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 1756-1758.

10. Drlica, K. and M. Malik. 2003. Fluoroquinolones: action and resistance. Current Topics in Medicinal Chem. 3: 1349-1364.

11. Ernst, E. J., M. Klepser, R. Petzold, and G. V. Doern. 2002. Evaluation of survival and pharmacodynamic relationships for five fluoroquinolones in a neutropenic murine model of pneumococcal lung infection. Pharmacotherapy 22: 463-470.

12. Firsov, A., S. Vostrov, I. Lubenko, K. Drlica, Y. Portnoy, and S. Zinner. 2003. In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of the mutant selection window hypothesis: four fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1604-1613.

13. Sullivan, E. A., B. N. Kreiswirth, L. Palumbo, V. Kapur, J. M. Musser, A. Ebrahimzadeh, and T. R. Frieden. 1995. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. Lancet 345: 1148-1150.

14. Tillotson, G., X. Zhao and K. Drlica. 2001. Fluoroquinolones as pneumococcal therapy: closing the barn door before the horse escapes. Lancet Inf. Dis. 1: 145-146.

15. Urban, C., N. Rahman, X. Zhao, N. Mariano, S. Segal-Maurer, K. Drlica, and J. Rahal. 2001. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with levofloxacin therapy. J. Inf. Dis. 184: 794-798.

Vernon, A., W. Burman, D. Benator, A. Khan, and L. Bozeman. 1999. Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid. The Lancet 353: 1843-1847.

17. Xu, C., B. N. Kreiswirth, S. Sreevatsan, J. M. Musser, and K. Drlica. 1996. Fluoroquinolone resistance associated with specific gyrase mutations in clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 174: 1127-1130.

18. Zhao, X. and K. Drlica. 2001. Restricting the selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants: a general strategy derived from fluoroquinolone studies. Clin. Inf. Dis. 33 (Suppl 3): S147-S156.

19. Zhao, X. and K. Drlica. 2002. Restricting the selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants: measurement and potential uses of the mutant selection window. J. Inf. Dis. 185: 561-565.

20. Zhao, X., W. Eisner, N. Perl-Rosenthal, B. Kreiswirth, and K. Drlica. 2003. Mutant prevention concentration for garenoxacin (BMS-284756) with ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 1023-1027.

21. Zhao, X., C. Xu, J. Domagala, and K. Drlica. 1997. DNA topoisomerase targets of the fluoroquinolones: a strategy for avoiding bacterial resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 13991-13996.

22. Zhou, J.-F., Y. Dong, X. Zhao, S. Lee, A. Amin, S. Ramaswamy, J. Domagala, J. M. Musser, and K. Drlica. 2000. Selection of antibiotic resistance: allelic diversity among fluoroquinolone-resistant mutations. J. Inf. Dis. 182: 517-525.

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