Death at early ages like 40 years old is common. Ophans are accumulating, and, as in South Africa (Zaire), ¼ of pregnant women are positive for HIV. Some infected children die before 5 years old, others before 10. Infant mortality is almost unaffected by HIV/AIDS. As it often has a 7-10 year infection period before AIDS is overt, killing older people. Thus the birth rate might be little affected. However, the death of a potentially reproductive subject reduces the population. Also, a few women may be disabled by AIDS so that they cannot give birth.