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Pathophysiology:
The pathogenesis of ADC is the subject of intense research, the findings of
which can be grouped into the following scientific paradigms:
Infiltration of the CNS by HIV-infected mononuclear cells that secrete neurotoxic factors, including cytokines, and possibly also neurotoxic astrocyte factors. Actions of specific HIV proteins, including gp120, gp41, Tat, Nef, and Rev, that have been shown by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies to be neurotoxic. Altered neurotransmitter release. Increases in excitatory amino acids and in free intracellular calcium. |