In 1989, for example, we came across during our survey, a child suffering with splenomegaly and fever while investigating malaria epidemic at Gangavaram, a settlement colony near Visakhapatnam steel plant (India) and thought it as malaria in the midst of all malaria cases. But the address and the history of the child that she migrated with her father from Calcutta, West Bengal, which is endemic for Visceral leishmaniasis, led to the suspicion first and later confirmation of kala azar.