|
He formulated the term “collective conscience”
to describe the character of a particular society. This collective
conscience differs completely from the individual conscience that conforms
to it. By applying this concept to his work on “Suicide: a sociological
study” in 1887, Durkheim showed that the act of committing suicide is the
product of a deep conflict related to the exterior social environment. He
also studied the basis for social stability, the set of values shared by
society such as morality and religion. In his opinion, such a set of values
that conforms to the collective conscience are the links to the cohesiveness
that holds the social order together. The disappearance of such values leads
society to a lack of social stability and anomie (Gr. “without law”), and
feelings of anxiety and dissatisfaction among individuals. To explain his
theories, he often took advantage of anthropological material, especially
from aboriginal societies. Some of his titles are: The division of social
labor (1893), The rules for sociological methods (1895), and Elemental forms
of religious life (1912). |