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The risk of developing NIDDM is associated with reduced beta-cell response to oral glucose. To estimate this, we measure incremental response at 30 minutes for insulin (IIR) and c-peptide (ICR). Another way is to calculate the relative incremental response for insulin (RIIR) and c-peptide (RICR) by dividing IIR by fasting insulin and ICR by fasting c-peptide. We also use incremental response at 30 minutes for glucose (IGR) and calculate IIR/IGR and ICR/IGR.