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The incidence of Type 2 diabetes among the four groups according to BMI
is shown here. Each of the active intervention groups
have c.40% lower incidence than the control group. A
lower incidence is also seen among those with lower BMI
within each group. In persons with IGT, therefore,
calorie intake and physical activity are causally related
risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. This indicates that
modification of lifestyle can play an important role in
preventing diabetes in both high and low risk populations
in the future. A similar trial is underway in the USA to
see if the similar interventions are effective in
different socio-economic and environmental circumstances.
Summary There are a number of risk factors,
genetic and environmental, predisposing individuals to
the development of Type 2 diabetes. To have effective
preventive measures to halt the increase in the
prevalence of diabetes and the burden on the health care
system, further studies are needed to better delineate
the nature and impact of these risk factors and to design
the most effective interventions.
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