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Let’s look at the 95% CI again graphically. This shows the 95% confidence interval for the WHO study, with the hazard ratio of 0.72. We can say with 95% confidence that the true hazard ration lies between 0.49 and 1.04. You can see that it crosses 1, which is why it is not significant. The 95% CI does not tell us how likely it is that a survival benefit exists (Ie how likely it is that the hazard ratio is less than 1). |