Doctors may prick themselves with needles during surgery or during a Post Mortem-immunisation with Hepatitis B vaccine, adequate training and a system for reporting and action around needle stick and post-mortem injuries is required.

Nurses need to be taught not to resheath needles and to dispose of them into effective sharps containers.The resuscitation of infectious patients will expose staff to the risk of infection and they may need follow up care and prophylaxis.

Miners are exposed to high levels of dust in their working environment. Dust diseases of the lung are commonplace often presenting initially as chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath and adult onset asthma and progressing to lung fibrosis and restrictive airways disease. Their health needs to be regularly monitored and help given to them to stop cigarette smoking. Mines are dangerous places-accidents, roof falls and fire take a significant toll of miners’ lives worldwide.