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    The factors should be taken into consideration when you look at the data.

    age
    sex
    race
    year of birth
    .

Previous 4 slides indicates that if you look at observed data, you have to consider difference of age. If you do not mind the difference of age, the data seldom looks different from truth.

There are some factors in addition to age that should be considered when you compare the data - sex, race, year of birth, education and so on.