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results in 5 years


smokers
non smokers
lung cancer/ 1,000
50/1,000
10/1,000
morbidity
5%
1%


The results are indicated in table. 50 lung cancer cases in smokers and 10 in non smokers were observed.
If we compare the morbidity by smokers/non smokers=5%/1%=5, it means that the smokers is 5 times more likely to have lung cancer than non smokers.

We often assess how rare the results is, by calculating p-value.
If statistical test was conducted, p-value became less than 0.001.
Generally speaking, if p-value became less than 0.05, the results which you look at is really significant.