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Surgery and radiotherapy are the principal local therapies for cancer, and historically
cancer has been a surgical disease. Surgery can be used in many ways for cancer treatment:
- Curative excision of primary cancers.
- Non-therapeutic staging procedures.
- Laser surgery and cryosurgery.
- Debulking of tumors to facilitate chemotherapy.
- Reconstructive surgery.
- Stabilization of weight-bearing bones weakened by metastases.
- Prevention of cancer by removal of preneoplastic lesions.
- Radical surgery for locally advanced primary or recurrent tumors.
- Curative resection of metastatic disease.
- Palliative resection of metastatic disease.
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