Aboriginal controlled health services, or Aboriginal Medical Services (AMSs) are controlled by Indigenous members of local communities, generally through an elected governing board. There are approximately 130 Aboriginal controlled health services and 80 substance abuse services funded by the Commonwealth and State and Territory governments.

Coverage (and access) for Indigenous people is very patchy, with Indigenous people living in remote areas having particularly limited access.

AMSs have a role in delivery of clinical services and in population and preventive programs - they should provide a comprehensive health service.