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Probability is expressed in a variety of ways.
Forecasting disasters is an inexact science, but we do see forecasts of
expected levels of activity. These are probability statements measured in
terms of the confidence level of the method and the confidence which you
have in the person or organization issuing the forecast. More easily
recognized as probability statements are numerical expressions (usually
percentages) of the probability of a certain event, either generally or
within a specific time frame. These can be seen operationally as alert
levels which cover a range of probability values. The United States
terrorism alert levels set by the Department of Homeland Security is one
example; the use of alert levels for impending volcanic eruptions is
another. One confusing expression of probability is the use of time frames
as a way to express probabilities. The 100 year flood, for example, is
commonly misinterpreted as meaning that, if this is year 99 since the last
such flood, the 100 year flood will occur next year. In reality, this means
that there is a 1% chance of a flood of that magnitude occurring each and
every year, but that you could have two 100 year floods in consecutive
years, and no more floods of any sort for 400 more years. |