Acute infectious diseases, such as measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, bronchitis, whooping cough, and smallpox were more prevalent than in the European republics (Ryan, 1990; Goskomstat, 1989). The Central Asian and Caucasian Republics exemplified the developing nation pattern of infectious diseases, while the Baltic Republics and the Russian Federation exhibited the pattern of urban, industrial society similar to the United States.