Russia, the Ukraine, Lithuania, and Moldavia again reported the highest rates of mental illness as compared to the NIS average. The rate of infectious diseases in the NIS had increased dramatically, and the Asian Republics of Uzbekistan, Kyrgistan, and Turkmenistan were faced with the difficulty of controlling the spread of tuberculosis due to crowded housing, poor nutrition and sanitation, and lack of medications. Deaths from cancer between 1985-1990 increased significantly above the NIS average in the Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Estonia, comprising between a quarter to a third of total morbidity.