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From the early decades of the XX century there is constant references in the
works of hygienists and pediatricians to preventable illness and death. Although
it is clear that the first signs of this change of attitude appeared in the
modern period, specially in the Enlightement in the second half of XVIII
century, it was not until the XX century that the problem achieved real
political visibility, with wider dimensions, and that society internalized child
protection as a subject of prime urgency. Leagues against infant mortality and
the movements of child protection proliferated in different countries.
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