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This observations bringing into contrast the roles of the two
major proinflammatory cytokines as circulating or local signals. TNF-alpha not released to
the systemic circulation, so the any effect must be from signaling to the same adipocite.
IL-6 is released in substantial amounts into the systemic circulations that for may signal
to distant tissues in particular the liver and perhaps to skeletal muscles or other
adipose tissues. TNF-alpha may play a role in systemic insulin resistance only if the
local effects of TNF-alpha included modulation of fatty acids and some other mechanisms.
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