Ambroise Paré, c. 1510 – 20 December 1590, was a French sureoen. He was the great official royal surgeon for the French kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III and is considered as one of the fathers of surgery. He was a leader in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially the treatment of wounds without using boiling oil to seal the wound. He was also an anatomist and the inventor of several surgical instruments.