Biography:

Abstract:

Biologists believe that climate change is affecting living things worldwide, and the latest evidence suggests that warmer winters may mean fewer migratory birds. New research shows that as winter temperatures have risen in central Europe, the number of migratory birds has dropped. Ultimately, this may also decrease the number of migratory bird species there. Birds migrate from Europe (Spain flyway and Italy flyway) and the Middle east to Africa. The effect of climate change can also be potentiated by the misuse and abuse of pesticides for agricultural, veterinary and public health purposes. Birds are more sensitive to pesticides than mammals.

Migratory birds can be exposed to pesticides directly or indirectly. Moreover, this exposure can be in high frequency therefore acute and chronic effects are expected. Birds are known to accumulate pesticides in there bodies more than mammalian for biochemical and physiological reasons. Most of the commonly used agricultural synthetic insecticides, herbicides and rodenticides are highly toxic to migratory birds> Pesticide regulation acts do not cater for bird protection from pesticides. Mitigation measures must be adopted for both effects of climate change and pesticides. Some recommendation will be suggested.