Biography:

Professor Emeritus Active, Docteur d'Etat es-Sciences (1969, Paris VI University): Agronomist engineer (1961, I.N.A. Paris). Master degrees in Advanced theoretical and Applied Genetics and Statistics and also in General, Evolutionary and applied Biology, (1961 to 1964, Paris VI)

- Head and Founder of the Laboratory of Genetics and Biometry, Facult des Sciences de Tunis (Until 1970).

-HONOURS : Chevalier Of Ordre De La Rpublique (Tunisia, 1980); Chevalier Of Ordre Du Mrite National ;Merit Medal Of Institut International Des Rgions Arides, Tunisia( 2006).

II Fields of competencies:

Direction of projects, expertises, surveys, Scientific Research, University teaching, national and international publications in the following fields:

1)-Environment, development

-Safeguarding and management of spaces and nature: arable lands, forests, sylvo-pastoral natural spaces, desertification, marines and costals ecosystems, role of the various actors -Biodiversity: biodiversity threats, impacts, evaluation, global strategies for conservation for a sustainable use considering international conventions priorities. Traditional knowledge. -Genetic resources management: genetic erosion, prospecting, evaluation, conservation in situ and ex situ, gene banks -Bio-safety and environment: risks related to (GMO) genetically modified organisms (dissemination, use, trading, transportation). -Biotechnologies applied to the environmental protection (health, industry, biological resources pollution) -Introduction and use of alive living resources (biological fight and other uses).

-2)-Agriculture, environment, development: General agronomy and agricultural systems use of Plants and animals biotechnologies, reproduction systems, Selection, variety creation, production of seeds. Biotechnologies Use

3)-model of families in populations: Interaction population-environment, endogamy, motivations and constraints in connection with the socio-economic and cultural statute, effects on the circulation of genes flows in populations.

4)-Fundamental and applied Genetics: good knowledge of formal, molecular, quantitative, populations and respective applications as well as in Univariate and multivariate statistical data analysis : models and experimental design. Inquiries: methodology and analysis. Both fields teached in numerous universities : Facult des Sciences d'Orsay ( 1967 to 1969), Ecole Normale Suprieure de Paris ( 1967 to 1969), Facult des Sciences de Tunis since 1970, Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (1969 to 1976), Ecole Nationale de Mdecine Vtrinaire, Sidi-Thabet, Tunis ( 1976 to 1995 ), Facult des Sciences de Rabat ( 1981 to 1983), Institut Agronomique et Vtrinaire Hassan II, Maroc ( 1982 to 1984), -Institut Dmographique du Caire (1984 to 1987), Facult de Pharmacie de Monastir (Tunisie ), since 1996, Facult de Droit et des Sciences Politiques de Tunis (1998 and 1999 ).

Abstract:

Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism, conceptual evidence and observed results

The discovery in the 17th century of biological diversity has allowed Darwinism to build, a century later, the Theory of evolution of species. Darwinism thinking was often associated with both natural selection (process of struggle for life and survival of the fittest) and sexual selection. Darwinism was also applied to human social sciences through ideas of struggle for life and supremacy of the fittest. In the late nineteenth century, social models argued the racial and eugenic theories.

In fact, the neo-Darwinism, by integrating the principles of genetics, and stochastic and probabilities modeling, threw light on actual mechanisms of evolution at both alleles (gene expression unit: mutation changes, genetic drift, migration), as individuals (natural selection, stabilizing, diversifying, sexual, choice of spouse).

Mutations create new alleles, enhance polymorphism and increase biodiversity. In the genetic drift, species evolve under the influence of random and new lines may be created, perhaps as in the case of the human species Homo and Australopithecus, living together but in reproductive isolation. We present the results observed in a case of genetic drift in Tunisia observe on the thoroughbred horses Arabic (Race Pur Sang Arabe).

However, the most important paradox concerns natural selection understood as eliminating individuals less able to survive and to reproduce, generally homozygous recessive characterized by congenital diseases, morbidity and infant mortality. According to a pedigree, we will present the case of a highly consanguineous family, affected by a hereditary disease, the pychnodysostosis, having 7 pregnancies with 3 abortions and a stillborn. While consanguinity increase homozygous rate, there is neither struggle for life nor advantage for the fittest. Natural selection acts by eliminating the less fit, cleaning, it is to say, collective genetic patrimony for coming generations.