Multiple and even redundant sources of warning dissemination are needed to ensure that everyone in the potential path of a tornado is informed of the danger (12-13). For example, during the Wichita-Andover tornado (1991) in Andover, Kansas, the town's only outdoor tornado siren failed to sound as the storm approached (5). However, nearly 81% of the population whose homes were destroyed were able to receive at least 5 minutes of warning through other sources, such as the media or telephone, thus significantly limiting loss of life.