Doll and Peto later demonstrated that 500 million people alive today will die prematurely resulting from smoking-related illnesses unless they quit. Furthermore, if one-half of adult smokers quit about 150 million premature deaths could be prevented in the quarter of the twenty-first century. These results inspired the World Health Organisation to develop a Framework Convention on Tobacco. This international treaty was signed by nearly 200 countries and bans tobacco marketing to youth, tobacco smuggling, and promotes tobacco control in all signatory countries.