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Another way of improving the outcome of therapy
by increasing apoptotic cell death is associated with upregulation of
expression of apoptosis inducing genes and downregulation of
apoptosis-suppressing genes (81, 113, 114). Hematopoietic cytokines can also
affect leukemic cell behavior by controlling cell differentiation. Different
CSFs and interleukins such as IL-1 and IL-6 can control the abnormal growth
of certain types of leukemic cells and suppress malignancy by inducing cell
differentiation (reviewed in refs. 26-29). Like retinoic acid, which induces
differentiation in certain types of myeloid leukemic cells and is
effectively used in the clinic to treat such patients (75),
differentiationinducing cytokines may also be an effective treatment for
certain types of leukemias. The existence of the cytokine network has to be
taken into account in the clinical use of cytokines (27).
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