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In this case-control study, we investigated the effects of GDM on birth weight by comparing the offspring of GDM and normal glucose tolerance mothers. The mean birth weight of the offspring of diabetic mothers was approximately 200 gm heavier than the offspring of normal glucose tolerance mothers. The frequency of being large for their gestational age was also higher in GDM offspring. Macrosomia was approximately 3 times more frequent in the offspring of GDM mothers than that of normal mothers.