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This
graph represents the relapse rates reported from four randomized controlled clinical
trials of pregnant smoking adults provided smoking cessation interventions. The
first bar represents an early study by Ershoff (1989) regarding biochemically confirmed
relapse vs abstinence for women recruited through their HMO and offered a minimal
intervention during pregnancy. The reported adjusted odds ration was 2.8.
In another study by
Ershoff (1995), spontaneous quitters were offered relapse prevention. Unfortunately, no
significant differences were found and relapse was high by delivery. A mail-delivered
relapse prevention program was used for the treatment group. (second bar)
Hjalmarson (1991) Findings
reported in 1991 of a Swedish sample used self-help programming to obtain a 10% quit rate
in the treatment group with a 6% quit rate in a control group by the 8th week
following delivery. Abstinence was confirmed by blood thiocyanate samples. (third bar)
Johnson and Ratner reported
on 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Their studies provide evidence of increasing relapse
over time in this particular interval following delivery. Smoking was biochemically
confirmed. (fourth and fifth bars)
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